At the completion of this course, the successful student will be adequately prepared to take the subsequent course: General Chemistry II (Chemistry 203), and do the following:
- Introduction
- Explain the major difference between organic and inorganic chemistry
- Draw structural formulas for organic compounds
- Distinguish between covalent and ionic bonding.
- Classify bonds as polar and non-polar.
- Write Lewis electron dot structures for organic compounds.
- Recognize different functional groups: halides, alcohols, ethers, amines, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, and esters.
- Write condensed structural formulas for organic compounds
- Use the VSERP Model to predict shapes of molecules
- Construct molecular models of organic compounds
- Alkanes
- Explain the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon
- Draw line-angle formula for alkanes
- Give examples of constitutional isomers
- Name alkanes and cycloalkanes according to the IUPAC system given the structural formulas and vice versa
- Discuss the envelope conformation of cyclopentane and the chair conformation of cyclohexane
- Sketch conformations of alkanes and cycloalkanes using sawhorse, Newman and perspective representations
- Discuss how the physical properties of alkanes are affected by their molar mass
- Define cis-trans isomerism of cycloalkanes
- List the characteristic reactions of the cycloalkanes
- Perform tests, such as the Baeyer's test, to identify hydrocarbons
- Alkenes and Alkynes
- Give examples of cis-trans stereoisomerism in alkene molecules
- Name alkenes and alkynes according to the IUPAC system given the structural formula and vice versa.
- List the characteristic reactions of the alkenes and alkynes such as hydrohalogenation and acid-catalyzed hydration
- Describe the properties of polyethylene and common terpenes
- Benzene and Its Derivatives
- Draw the structure of benzene and discuss its resonance properties
- Use the IUPAC system to give correct names for benzene and its derivatives
- Explain the meaning of the term: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH)
- Give examples of characteristic reactions of benzene and its derivatives
- Describe the characteristics of an antioxidant
- Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols
- Name alcohols, ethers, and thiols according to the IUPAC system given the structural formulas and vice versa
- Discuss the physical properties of alcohols, ethers, and thiols
- List important reactions of alcohols, ethers, and thiols
- Chirality: The Handedness of Molecules
- Define the terms: enantiomerism, chirality, racemic mixture, stereoisomer
- Explain the function of a polarimeter
- Discuss the significance of chirality in biomolecules
- Acids and Bases
- Discuss the properties of acids and bases
- Identify conjugate acid-base pairs
- Use the Ka and pKa values to determine the strength of acid/base solutions
- Discuss the properties of a buffer
- Amines
- Give examples of a primary, secondary and tertiary amine
- Name amines according to the IUPAC system given the structural formulas and vice versa
- Discuss the physical properties of amines including their basicity
- List some characteristic reactions of amines
- Aldehydes and Ketones
- Explain the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone
- Name aldehydes and ketones according to the IUPAC system given the structural formulas and vice versa
- Discuss the physical properties of aldehydes and ketones
- List some characteristic reactions of aldehydes and ketones
- Define keto-enol tautomerism
- Carboxylic Acids
- Identify the carboxyl group in a carboxylic acid
- Name carboxylic acids according to the IUPAC system given the structural formulas and vice versa
- Discuss the physical properties of carboxylic acids
- List some characteristic reactions of carboxylic acids
- Discuss the properties of fatty acids, soaps and detergents
- Illustrate the synthesis of an ester using Fischer esterification
- Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amines
- List some characteristic reactions of carboxylic anhydrides, esters and amines
- Discuss PET: polyethylene terephthalate and its uses
- Carbohydrates
- Give examples of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
- Draw chemical structures for some common sugars: glucose, lactose, maltose etc.
- Explain why humans cannot use cellulose for food
- Lipids
- Illustrate the structure of a triglyceride
- List some properties of triglycerides
- Discuss saponification
- Discuss the role lipids play in the structure of membranes
- Briefly explain the difference between sphingolipids, glycolipids and steroids
- Describe the physiological roles of steroid hormones
- Define a bile salt
- Proteins
- Briefly describe some of the functions of proteins such as structure, catalysis, movement, transport, hormones, protection, storage and regulation
- Draw structures for all twenty amino acids
- Define the term: zwitterion
- Define what is meant by the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein
- Give examples and discuss the properties of some common proteins
- Enzymes
- Define the term: enzyme
- List factors that influence enzyme activity and explain their influence in a typical scenario
- Discuss some models of enzyme activity
- Give examples of how enzymes are regulated
- Neurotransmitters and Hormones
- Describe the basic parts of the nervous system
- Give examples of chemical messenger behavior
- Describe the bases of Parkinson's Disease
- Give one example of a drug imitating a neurotransmitter
- Nucleotides, Nucleic Acids and Heredity
- Outline the structures of DNA and RNA and explain the structural difference
- List the roles of different types of RNA such as transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA, messenger RNA
- Describe the basic structure of a gene